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Property & operations
Financing
Underwriting output
Property yield
6.65%
Unlevered cap rate
Effective rent
$346,500
Management + reserves
−$13,860
Net operating income
$332,640
Investor return
5.75%
Year 1 cash-on-cash (levered)
Annual debt service
$203,187
Cash flow after debt
$129,453
Debt service coverage
1.64×
Capital stack
Loan amount
$2,750,000
Equity required
$2,250,000
Leverage spread
40 bps

This model excludes sponsor acquisition, asset management, and disposition fees, which typically reduce distributed yield by 100 to 300 basis points over a hold. A full DST offering memorandum will disclose those.

Cap rate

NOI divided by price. An unlevered measure of property yield, useful for comparing real estate regardless of how the deal is financed. NNN cap rates vary meaningfully with tenant credit and asset type.

Cash-on-cash

Pre-tax cash flow divided by the cash invested. This is closer to what an investor actually collects once debt service, reserves, and sponsor fees are accounted for. Often cited as “Year 1 distribution” on a DST offering.

Positive vs. negative leverage

When the cap rate exceeds the borrowing cost, leverage lifts cash-on-cash above the cap rate. When the borrowing cost exceeds the cap rate, leverage drags it below. Post-2022 rate environments have compressed this spread meaningfully.

Bring the offering memorandum

We'll stress-test the underwriting against current market comparables and walk through the assumptions worth questioning.

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